Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

The Bible is held to be both universal and specific, the source of fundamental truths inscribed in words that are exact and sacred. For much of Jewish and almost all of Christian history, however, most believers have understood scripture not in the languages in which it was first written but rather in their own - in translation. This book examines how saints, scholars and interpreters from antiquity to the present have negotiated the difficult task of producing usable versions of the Bible in their own language while remaining faithful to the original. It traces the challenges they faced, ranging from minute textual ambiguities to the sweep of style and the stark differences in form and thought between the earliest biblical writings and the latest, and explains the bearing these have on some of the most profound questions of faith- the nature of God, the existence of the soul and possibility of its salvation. Reading dozens of renderings alongside their Ancient Hebrew and Greek antecedents, John Barton shows how the passage of meaning and ideas across linguistic borders has been far from straightforward, and draws out the place of this at critical junctures in the history of religion, from the separation of Christianity and Judaism to the Reformation and beyond. The product of a lifetime's study of scripture, The Word offers a rare and original perspective on the central book of our culture, as it was written and as we know it.